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对Oracle数据库进行备份的两种方法详解

时间：2019-05-05   来源：自我介绍演讲稿   点击：

本文介绍两种oracle数据库的备份方法，包括用oracle自带的rman进行备份及用veritas一体机的脚本备份方式进行oracle备份。

1、用oracle自带备份

ssh到生产系统172.16.10.1

su – oracle

export ORACLE_SID=yewu1

rman target /

list backupset;

backup database; //备份数据库(如果想把备份的文件存到其他目录可以写成backup database format ‘/u01/backup/%U’;)

quit

2、用veritas一体机备份

1) cd /symantecscripts/

2)vi yewu1.sh

该脚本代码如下：

#!/bin/sh

# $Header: hot_database_backup.sh,v 1.3 2010/08/04 17:56:02 $

#

#bcpyrght

#***************************************************************************

#* $VRTScprght: Copyright 1993 - 2011 Symantec Corporation, All Rights Reserved $ *

#***************************************************************************

#ecpyrght

#

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#              hot_database_backup.sh

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#  This script uses Recovery Manager to take a hot (inconsistent) database

#  backup. A hot backup is inconsistent because portions of the database are

#  being modified and written to the disk while the backup is progressing.

#  You must run your database in ARCHIVELOG mode to make hot backups. It is

#  assumed that this script will be executed by user root. In order for RMAN

#  to work properly we switch user (su -) to the oracle dba account before

#  execution. If this script runs under a user account that has Oracle dba

#  privilege, it will be executed using this user's account.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Determine the user which is executing this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUSER=`id |cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d ")" -f1`

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Put output in .out. Change as desired.

# Note: output directory requires write permission.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does

# not accumulate.  If not, delete the following lines.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]

then

rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"

fi

# -----------------------------------------------------------------

# Initialize the log file.

# -----------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Log the start of this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Replace /db/oracle/product/ora102, below, with the Oracle home path.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_HOME

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Replace ora102, below, with the Oracle SID of the target database.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID=yewu1

export ORACLE_SID

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Replace ora102, below, with the Oracle DBA user id (account).

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_USER=oracle

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Set the target connect string.

# Replace "sys/manager", below, with the target connect string.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TARGET_CONNECT_STR=sys/***(sys密码)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo  >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "NB_ORA_FULL: $NB_ORA_FULL" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "NB_ORA_INCR: $NB_ORA_INCR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "NB_ORA_CINC: $NB_ORA_CINC" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "NB_ORA_SERV: $NB_ORA_SERV" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo   "NB_ORA_POLICY: $NB_ORA_POLICY" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,

# this would be the place to verify that.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# If this script is executed from a NetBackup schedule, NetBackup

# sets an NB_ORA environment variable based on the schedule type.

# The NB_ORA variable is then used to dynamically set BACKUP_TYPE

# For example, when:

#     schedule type is                BACKUP_TYPE is

#     ----------------                --------------

# Automatic Full                     INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0

# Automatic Differential Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1

# Automatic Cumulative Incremental   INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE

#

# For user initiated backups, BACKUP_TYPE defaults to incremental

# level 0 (full).  To change the default for a user initiated

# backup to incremental or incremental cumulative, uncomment

# one of the following two lines.

# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"

# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"

#

# Note that we use incremental level 0 to specify full backups.

# That is because, although they are identical in content, only

# the incremental level 0 backup can have incremental backups of

# level > 0 applied to it.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ "$NB_ORA_FULL" = "1" ]

then

echo "Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"

elif [ "$NB_ORA_INCR" = "1" ]

then

echo "Differential incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"

elif [ "$NB_ORA_CINC" = "1" ]

then

echo "Cumulative incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"

elif [ "$BACKUP_TYPE" = "" ]

then

echo "Default - Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"

fi

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup. This example does not use a

# Recovery Catalog. If you choose to use one, replace the option 'nocatalog'

# from the rman command line below with the

# 'catalog /@' statement.

#

# Note: Any environment variables needed at run time by RMAN

#       must be set and exported within the switch user (su) command.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#  Backs up the whole database.  This backup is part of the incremental

#  strategy (this means it can have incremental backups of levels > 0

#  applied to it).

#

#  We do not need to explicitly request the control file to be included

#  in this backup, as it is automatically included each time file 1 of

#  the system tablespace is backed up (the inference: as it is a whole

#  database backup, file 1 of the system tablespace will be backed up,

#  hence the controlfile will also be included automatically).

#

#  Typically, a level 0 backup would be done at least once a week.

#

#  The scenario assumes:

#     o you are backing your database up to two tape drives

#     o you want each backup set to include a maximum of 5 files

#     o you wish to include offline datafiles, and read-only tablespaces,

#       in the backup

#     o you want the backup to continue if any files are inaccessible.

#     o you are not using a Recovery Catalog

#     o you are explicitly backing up the control file.  Since you are

#       specifying nocatalog, the controlfile backup that occurs

#       automatically as the result of backing up the system file is

#       not sufficient; it will not contain records for the backup that

#       is currently in progress.

#     o you want to archive the current log, back up all the

#       archive logs using two channels, putting a maximum of 20 logs

#       in a backup set, and deleting them once the backup is complete.

#

#  Note that the format string is constructed to guarantee uniqueness and

#  to enhance NetBackup for Oracle backup and restore performance.

#

#

#  NOTE WHEN USING NET SERVICE NAME: When connecting to a database

#  using a net service name, you must use a send command or a parms operand to

#  specify environment variables.  In other words, when accessing a database

#  through a listener, the environment variables set at the system level are not

#  visible when RMAN is running.  For more information on the environment

#  variables, please refer to the NetBackup for Oracle Admin. Guide.

#

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CMD_STR="

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_SID

$RMAN target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR nocatalog msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF

RUN {

ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';

ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';

SEND 'NB_ORA_POLICY=linux-oracle-yewu1,NB_ORA_CLIENT=nbuoracle1';

BACKUP

$BACKUP_TYPE

SKIP INACCESSIBLE

TAG hot_db_bk_level0

FILESPERSET 5

# recommended format

FORMAT 'bk_%s_%p_%t'

DATABASE;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;

RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;

# backup all archive logs

ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';

ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';

SEND 'NB_ORA_POLICY=linux-oracle-yewu1,NB_ORA_CLIENT=nbuoracle1';

BACKUP

filesperset 20

FORMAT 'al_%s_%p_%t'

#ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

ARCHIVELOG ALL NOT BACKED UP 1 TIMES;

DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-10';

RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;

RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;

#

# Note: During the process of backing up the database, RMAN also backs up the

# control file.  This version of the control file does not contain the

# information about the current backup because "nocatalog" has been specified.

# To include the information about the current backup, the control file should

# be backed up as the last step of the RMAN section.  This step would not be

# necessary if we were using a recovery catalog or auto control file backups.

#

ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';

SEND 'NB_ORA_POLICY=linux-oracle-yewu1,NB_ORA_CLIENT=nbuoracle1';

BACKUP

# recommended format

FORMAT 'cntrl_%s_%p_%t'

CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;

}

EOF

"

# Initiate the command string

if [ "$CUSER" = "root" ]

then

su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

else

/usr/bin/sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

fi

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Log the completion of this script.

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]

then

LOGMSG="ended successfully"

else

LOGMSG="ended in error"

fi

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE

exit $RSTAT